Realism: Law Review

ANALYSIS OF MUSIC IN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE

Ubabuddin Ubabuddin, Mohd. Faeez Bin Ilias, Herwani Herwani — Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In Islamic history, music is known for its three elements which are called handasah al-sawt, al-musiqa, and ghina. Referring to Isma'il and Al-Faruqi's Lois Lam, Abdul Hadi said that music that is in line with Islamic goals is handasah al-sawt whose contents are manifestations of Muslim aesthetics originating from Islamic tradition, whose implementation rules are rooted in the aesthetics of the Qur'an. According to an Islamic perspective, music that is required by syara' can be used as a tool to educate while entertaining, namely through an Islamic approach. Entertainment that meets entertainment standards in Islam is entertainment that inspires enthusiasm and awareness towards remembering Allah as well as educating people to live up to Islamic teachings. Abdul Ghani An-Nabalisiy, said that music law was initially halal. Whatever the form, both the kind of music that is peaceful and that which is hit. It's not only halal, it's not even seen as bad in common sense and custom. Its prohibition emerged when the ulema began to see the facts of the bad effects of music, for example, making the audience forget Allah and neglect worship. In general, when music leads to disobedience and futility, that's when it starts to be forbidden. So it's important to put it back that music is basically a medium. As a medium, music cannot be judged by anything.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA: BETWEEN EXPECTATION AND REALITY

Agus Salim, Suryati Suryati, Ruslan Yusoh — Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study critically examines the effectiveness of law enforcement efforts against corruption in Indonesia, highlighting the persistent gap between legal expectations and practical outcomes. Despite a comprehensive legal framework including Law No. 31/1999, Law No. 20/2001, and the establishment of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) Key Alta institutions continue to face political interference, limited resources, legal loopholes, and inconsistent prosecutorial practices. For example, underscore that although asset recovery and conviction rates have risen, sentencing disparities and institutional constraints remain prevalent, impeding deterrence. Complementing this, identifies political coercion and inadequate capacity at enforcement bodies such as the KPK, police, and judiciary as key impediments. This research employs a normative-juridical method, reviewing legislation, judicial rulings, and institutional practices. It also integrates recent Scopus-indexed empirical studies to strengthen its analytical framework. The findings reveal that while recent innovations such as digital oversight in public procurement have improved transparency and stakeholder engagement, they have not yet substantially closed enforcement gaps. The study concludes that sustainable progress requires enhancing institutional independence, ensuring sufficient funding and resources, tightening legal provisions, fostering judicial reform, and embracing innovative approaches such as e‑procurement systems and civil society oversight. These measures are essential to bridging the divide between aspirations and reality in Indonesia's anti‑corruption enforcement mechanisms, thereby meeting both domestic expectations and global standards.

THE ISRAELI PRODUCT BOYCOTT MOVEMENT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW IN INDONESIA

Ria Setyawati, Indira Retno Aryatie, Nasarudin bin Abdul Rahman — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The boycott of Israeli products in Indonesia reflects both solidarity with Palestine and the exercise of consumer rights. This study aims to analyze the boycott movement from the perspective of Indonesian consumer protection law, particularly Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK). Using a normative juridical method with a statute and conceptual approach, the research examines how consumer rights are exercised in ethical consumption practices and how legal obligations are imposed on businesses. The findings indicate that boycotts can be regarded as part of consumers’ rights to make choices based on moral and ethical considerations, although legal and economic challenges may arise. Businesses are required to provide accurate product information, while unclear labeling often hinders consumer decision-making. The study also discusses the legal and economic implications of boycotts in the context of international trade, underscoring the importance of regulatory frameworks that ensure transparency and strengthen consumer protection when ethical dilemmas shape purchasing decisions

LEGAL PROBLEMS OF FULFILLING RIGHTS AND INCLUSIVE REHABILITATION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the challenges faced by Indonesia’s correctional system in fulfilling the rights of inmates with disabilities through a case study of Agus Buntung, a disabled inmate experiencing accessibility difficulties at Class IIA Kuripan Prison. Although Law No. 40 of 2008 and related government regulations stipulate rights to accessibility and inclusive rehabilitation for persons with disabilities, implementation in prisons remains inadequate. Limited infrastructure, insufficient assistive devices, and a lack of inclusive rehabilitation programs cause inmates like Agus to experience isolation and obstacles in participating in correctional programs. These issues hinder the achievement of rehabilitation goals aimed at preparing inmates for reintegration into society. This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory approach to analyze the fulfillment of accessibility rights, the implementation of inclusive rehabilitation programs, and the barriers encountered. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive reforms, including facility improvements, enhanced staff capacity, and more specific regulations to create a more inclusive and just correctional system for inmates with disabilities. These results are intended to inform policy recommendations that uphold human rights and support effective rehabilitation for disabled inmates.

CONNECTING ASIA: THE RISE OF CHINA’S DIGITAL SILK ROAD IN ASEAN COUNTRIES

Pramila Paudel — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Southeast Asia has emerged as a crucial hub for China's Digital Silk Road (DSR), owing to the region's increasing digital economy, young population, and geopolitical prominence. Between 2017 and 2023, Chinese companies such as Huawei, Alibaba, and ZTE made significant investments in ASEAN's digital infrastructure, including 5G networks, smart hospitals, data centers, and e-commerce platforms, while initiatives such as Huawei's "Seeds for the Future" increased technological capability. This study looks at how ASEAN countries deal with China's DSR while balancing national interests, regulatory frameworks, and digital development aspirations. The research identifies both opportunities and challenges based on case studies, policy analysis, and assessments of regional governance mechanisms. While Chinese investments have accelerated digital transformation, ASEAN member countries are also implementing regulatory safeguards, fostering regional cooperation, and advancing strategies such as the ASEAN Digital Masterplan 2025 and the Digital Economy Framework Agreement to protect sovereignty and promote interoperability. The findings highlight the region's attempts to attract foreign investment while developing secure, inclusive, and autonomous digital ecosystems that will influence its role in the global digital order.